陳為,孟紅英,王永軍
(遼陽市農(nóng)業(yè)技術(shù)推廣中心,遼寧遼陽lll000)
摘要:[目的]研究供試沼渣、沼液的養(yǎng)分含量及安全性。[方法]通過檢測正常使用中的大型沼氣工程產(chǎn)生的沼渣、沼液,根據(jù)相關(guān)國家標(biāo)準(zhǔn)進(jìn)行對(duì)比分析,進(jìn)而得出沼渣、沼液的養(yǎng)分情況和安全情況。[結(jié)果]沼渣的有機(jī)質(zhì)含量超過國家有機(jī)肥標(biāo)準(zhǔn),總養(yǎng)分基本達(dá)到國家制定的指標(biāo),沼液有機(jī)質(zhì)含量和總養(yǎng)分低于國家有機(jī)肥標(biāo)準(zhǔn),沼液、沼渣適宜與其他營養(yǎng)元素混合施用。供試沼渣和沼液中重金屬含量低于國家復(fù)合肥標(biāo)準(zhǔn),是可以用于農(nóng)事生產(chǎn)的安全養(yǎng)分供應(yīng)來源。供試沼渣和沼液中血吸蟲、鉤蟲卵和寄生蟲卵為零,表明沼氣工程發(fā)酵過程能夠殺滅有害蟲卵。[結(jié)論]該研究可為沼渣、沼液應(yīng)用于農(nóng)業(yè)生產(chǎn)提供理論基礎(chǔ)。
關(guān)鍵詞:沼渣;沼液;養(yǎng)分含量;安全性
中圖分類號(hào)S 181.3 文獻(xiàn)標(biāo)識(shí)碼A 文章編號(hào)0517—661 l(2014)23—07960—03
Study On Nutrient Contents and Security of Biogas
Residue and Fluid
CHEN Wei et al(Agricultural Technology Promotion Center
in Liaoyang City,Liaoyang,Liaoning 1 1 1000)
Abstract[Objective]The
research aimed to study nutrient contents and security of the tested biogas
residue and fluid.[Method]By testing the biogas residue and fluid generated by
large biogas project normally running,and contrasting with the relevant national
standards,nutrient contents and security of biogas residue and fluid were
obtained.[Result]Organic matter content of the biogas residue surpassed national
organic fortilizer standards,and total nutrient basically reached national
indicators.Organic matter content and total nutrient of the biogas fluid were
lower than national organic fertilizer standards.Biogas residue and fluid were
suitable to mix with other nutrients.Heavy metal contents of the tested biogas
residue and fluid were lower than national compound fertilizer standards,which
could be as supply source of safe nutrient for agricultural
production.Schistosome,hookworm and parasite eggs in the tested biogas residue
and fluid were zero,showing fermentation process of biogas projeet could kill
harmful eggs.[Conclusion]The research could provide theoretical basis for biogas
residue and fluid applying in agricultural
production.
Key words
Biogas residue;Biogas fluid;Nutrient content;Security
沼氣工程主要是對(duì)有機(jī)物質(zhì)(如農(nóng)作物秸桿、人畜禽糞便、垃圾以及有機(jī)廢棄物等)在厭氧條件下,經(jīng)過特定微生物迸行厭氧發(fā)酵,形成可燃性氣體混合物;旌蠚怏w的主要成分是甲烷和二氧化碳,可用于做飯、點(diǎn)燈、取暖和發(fā)電,是理想的清潔能源。沼液中因含有多種發(fā)酵形成的生化產(chǎn)物如生長激素、多種酶、核酸、抗生素等,具有殺蟲抑菌作用(可殺滅蚜蟲、紅蜘蛛、白粉虱等)…,既可用于浸種和葉面噴施,也可代替農(nóng)藥,還可作為飼料添加劑喂豬、喂雞、養(yǎng)魚;沼渣含有豐富的有機(jī)質(zhì)和腐殖酸,可明顯改善土壤的理化性質(zhì),培肥地力,增強(qiáng)土壤的保水保肥能力口一。但隨著沼氣技術(shù)的發(fā)展,大中型沼氣工程開始成為養(yǎng)殖場的必備糞污處理措施,在處理糞污的過程中產(chǎn)生了大量的沼渣和沼液,無法得到處理,如隨意排放將造成二次污染。同時(shí)由于政府過多地強(qiáng)調(diào)沼氣的能源效益,而對(duì)該項(xiàng)目在環(huán)境領(lǐng)域的研究和推廣應(yīng)用普遍沒有足夠的重視,在沼肥綜合應(yīng)用上,也多傾向于飼料添加劑和經(jīng)濟(jì)價(jià)值高的園藝作物,忽視了沼肥在大田作物上的應(yīng)用,對(duì)改良土壤的效果也認(rèn)識(shí)不足,缺乏深入細(xì)致的研究。沼肥的價(jià)值沒有充分利用挖掘。深入研究沼肥,開發(fā)沼肥相關(guān)產(chǎn)品具有潛在的巨大經(jīng)濟(jì)、環(huán)境及社會(huì)效益。
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