鄭楊清1，郁強(qiáng)強(qiáng)1，王海濤1，王遠(yuǎn)鵬1，何寧1，沈亮1，李清彪1,2
（1 廈門大學(xué)化學(xué)化工學(xué)院化學(xué)工程與生物工程系，福建 廈門 361005；2 泉州師范學(xué)院化學(xué)與生命科學(xué)學(xué)院，福建 泉州 362000）

摘要：以生物產(chǎn)甲烷的副產(chǎn)物沼渣為原料，用5 種不同的方法通過化學(xué)活化法制備生物炭，實(shí)驗(yàn)結(jié)果表明5 種生物炭對沼液中的氨氮都有吸附效果，而氫氧化鉀活化制備的生物炭（KOH-CC）對氨氮的吸附效果相對較好，吸附劑對氨氮的吸附符合準(zhǔn)二級吸附動力學(xué)，吸附等溫線表現(xiàn)為Langmuir 型，通過擬合計(jì)算最大吸附容量能達(dá)到120 mg·g−1。對生物炭進(jìn)行BET、掃描電鏡及紅外等表征，分析了KOH-CC 生物炭吸附氨氮過程的作用機(jī)理。
    關(guān)鍵詞：甲烷；沼渣；生物炭；吸附；氨氮；吸附劑
    DOI：10.3969/j.issn.0438-1157.2014.05.042
    中圖分類號：X 703.1 文獻(xiàn)標(biāo)志碼：A 文章編號：0438—1157（2014）05—1856—06

Preparation of biochars from biogas residue and adsorption of ammonia-nitrogen in biogas slurry
    ZHENG Yangqing1, YU Qiangqiang1, WANG Haitao1, WANG Yuanpeng1, HE Ning1, SHEN Liang1, LI Qingbiao1,2
    (1Department of Chemical and Biochemical Engineering，School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering，Xiamen University，Xiamen361005，F(xiàn)ujian，China；2School of Chemistry and Life Science，Quanzhou Normal University，Quanzhou 362000, Fujian，China)
    Abstract：Five types of biochars were prepared through chemical activation utilizing fermentation residue frombiogas plants. NaOH, KOH, H2SO4, H3PO4 and ZnCl2 were used as chemical activating agents. Biochars could absorb ammonia-nitrogen in biogas slurry. Biochar derived from KOH treatment (KOH-CC) showed better adsorption efficiency than the others. The adsorption process followed pseudo-second-order kinetics, and the
adsorption isotherm could be fitted to Langmuir equation. Simulation test indicated that the maximum adsorption capacity could reach 120 mg·g−1. The properties of KOH-CC were characterized by BET, SEM, XRD and FTIR. The machanism of ammonia-nitrogen adsorption was discussed.
    Key words：methane;biogas residue; biochar; adsorption; ammonia-nitrogen; sorbent引 言
    在生物產(chǎn)甲烷系統(tǒng)中，以豬糞或秸稈為原料其轉(zhuǎn)化率為10%～20%[1]，意味著生物甲烷系統(tǒng)中，沼液沼渣是該系統(tǒng)的主要副產(chǎn)物。沼液沼渣無害化、資源化處理的效果與成本是影響生物甲烷系統(tǒng)的經(jīng)濟(jì)和社會效益的關(guān)鍵。
    產(chǎn)甲烷是一個(gè)復(fù)雜的有機(jī)物厭氧分解過程，導(dǎo)致排放的廢水中含有高氨氮、磷酸鹽、重金屬等污染物。目前已報(bào)道用于沼液處理的方法有化學(xué)法、反滲透法、蒸發(fā)濃縮法、電解法、電滲透法、生物法和吸附法等。其中吸附法具有低能耗、高效率等優(yōu)點(diǎn)，但是吸附劑成本較高、吸附飽和后失效等問題，限制了吸附法的應(yīng)用。

沼渣制備生物炭吸附沼液中氨氮